Chemistry & Solutions
Every chemistry & solutions calculator on CalcEngines — unit converters, derived indices and interpretive tools, each with its formula, a worked example and the reference intervals it is judged against.
4 calculators in this section
- Gas Concentration Converter (ppm ⇄ mg/m³)ppm to mg/m³ for gases and vapours, with molar masses computed from the IUPAC atomic weights for eighteen compounds and the 1.64% gap between the American 24.45 L/mol and the European 24.055 shown in every answer — plus where the published 24.45 actually came from.
- Percent Concentration Converter (% w/w, % w/v, % v/v, mg/mL)% w/w, % w/v, % v/v, mg/mL, ppm and molarity, joined by the one number that separates them: the solution's density. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is 37% w/w and 44.03% w/v — and 50 mL of ethanol plus 50 mL of water makes 96.5 mL, not 100.
- pH, pOH and Hydrogen Ion ConverterpH ⇄ pOH ⇄ [H⁺] ⇄ [OH⁻] with temperature as a real input, because pH + pOH is 13.99 at 25 °C and 12.25 at 100 °C — so pure water boils at pH 6.13 and is still neutral. Computed from IAPWS R11-24, not from a hard-coded 14.
- Water Hardness Converter (ppm, gpg, °dH, °fH, °e)Every water hardness unit against every other — mg/L as CaCO3, grains per gallon, German, French and Clark degrees, mmol/L and meq/L — with the factors computed from the grain and the molar masses, and the WHO, British and German classification bands side by side, because they disagree.