Signals, Audio & Measurement
Every signals, audio & measurement calculator on CalcEngines — unit converters, derived indices and interpretive tools, each with its formula, a worked example and the reference intervals it is judged against.
7 calculators in this section
- ADC Resolution and LSB CalculatorWhat one bit of an analogue-to-digital converter is actually worth: the LSB size, the number of codes, the quantisation error and its RMS value, the ideal signal-to-noise ratio 6.02N + 1.76 dB derived rather than quoted, the effective number of bits your measured SNR really gives you, and what your sensor's smallest meaningful change maps to in codes.
- Decibel (dB) CalculatorTurn a ratio into decibels or decibels back into a ratio, with the right factor — 10 log₁₀ for power, 20 log₁₀ for voltage or current — plus the named reference levels (dBm, dBW, dBV, dBu, dBµV, dB SPL) and what your gain does to an absolute level.
- Energy Meter Pulse (imp/kWh) CalculatorTurn the blinks of an electricity meter's test LED into watts: the meter constant in imp/kWh with a measured pulse rate or the seconds between pulses gives the power, the energy over a period, and — the part that decides whether the reading means anything — how long you have to watch for the answer to be good to the resolution you want.
- Oscilloscope Bandwidth and Rise Time CalculatorRise time and bandwidth through the 0.35 constant — derived here from the single-pole step response as ln 9 ÷ 2π, with the 0.40–0.45 figures that flatter instruments use — plus the system rise time from scope, probe and signal, the bandwidth a given edge needs, the amplitude error at a frequency, and what a 10× probe's tip capacitance does to the edge you came to measure.
- RMS, Peak and Peak-to-Peak ConverterEnter any one of RMS, peak, peak-to-peak or rectified average and get the other three, for a sine, a square, a triangle, a rectified sine or DC — with each shape's crest factor, form factor, power into a load, and how far a cheap average-responding meter will be out.
- Shunt Resistor CalculatorFull-scale current and a target sense voltage give the shunt — and then everything that goes wrong: the nearest standard value and its error, the dissipation and the wattage you really need, the temperature the shunt reaches, the temperature-coefficient error at that temperature, and how much a few milliohms of lead and solder cost you without a four-terminal connection.
- Speaker Impedance Calculator (Series and Parallel)Total impedance of up to six drivers in series, in parallel or in series-parallel, the power each one takes from your amplifier and the total the amplifier is being asked for — with a warning when the load you have built goes below the minimum your amplifier is rated for.