Diabetes, Glucose & Insulin Resistance
Every diabetes, glucose & insulin resistance calculator on CalcEngines — unit converters, derived indices and interpretive tools, each with its formula, a worked example and the reference intervals it is judged against.
33 calculators in this section
- 1,5-Anhydroglucitol Unit ConverterConvert 1,5-anhydroglucitol between µg/mL, mg/L, mg/dL, µmol/L and mmol/L — and read the result the right way round, because this is the one glycaemic marker that falls when control worsens.
- Adult DKA and HHS Interpreter (2024 Consensus Criteria)Decide whether an adult in a hyperglycaemic crisis has diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state, or both, on the 2024 international consensus criteria (ADA, EASD, JBDS, AACE and DTS). The page calculates effective osmolality, grades DKA as mild, moderate or severe, recognises euglycaemic DKA on SGLT2 inhibitors, and shows where the 2024 definitions differ from 2009.
- Adult Hypoglycaemia Interpreter: Insulin, C-Peptide and ProinsulinWork out why an adult without diabetes had a low glucose. Enter the insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin and β-hydroxybutyrate taken during the hypoglycaemia, with the sulfonylurea screen and insulin antibodies, and the page matches them to the Endocrine Society's 2009 table: exogenous insulin, insulinoma or other endogenous hyperinsulinism, a sulfonylurea, insulin autoimmune hypoglycaemia, IGF-2 from a tumour, or a cause not driven by insulin at all.
- Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Unit ConverterConvert beta-hydroxybutyrate between mg/dL, mmol/L and mg/L, with the DKA thresholds and why urine ketones can improve while the patient is still acidotic.
- C-Peptide to Insulin Molar Ratio CalculatorMolar C-peptide divided by molar insulin, both in pmol/L. The pancreas secretes them in equal amounts, so a ratio near 1 means the insulin did not come from the pancreas.
- C-Peptide Unit ConverterConvert C-peptide between ng/mL, µg/L, nmol/L and pmol/L, and read it the way it has to be read — against a simultaneous glucose and the patient's renal function.
- CSF to Serum Glucose Ratio CalculatorCalculate the CSF:serum glucose ratio, a more reliable pointer to bacterial meningitis than the absolute CSF glucose alone.
- Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (eGDR) CalculatorEstimate insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes from waist circumference, hypertension and HbA1c — the surrogate derived and validated in that population.
- Fructosamine to HbA1c CalculatorEstimate HbA1c from serum fructosamine using the one regression that can be named and sourced — Cohen 2003, HbA1c = 0.017 × fructosamine + 1.61. The page publishes the equation, its correlation and the size of the scatter around it, and does not blend it with the other lines in circulation.
- Gestational Diabetes OGTT InterpreterClassify a pregnancy glucose tolerance test on the WHO 2013 / IADPSG one-step 75 g criteria, on NICE, or on the two-step 100 g Carpenter-Coustan pathway still standard across much of the United States. Two things this page will not do: blend the pathways, or report a fasting glucose of 7.4 mmol/L as gestational diabetes when it is diabetes in pregnancy.
- Glucose Management Indicator (GMI) CalculatorCalculate GMI from mean CGM glucose, the term that replaced "estimated A1C" for continuous glucose monitoring data.
- Glucose Unit ConverterConvert blood glucose between mg/dL, mmol/L and g/L, with the diagnostic thresholds in both units and the two pre-analytical traps that move the number.
- Glycated Albumin ConverterConvert glycated albumin to an estimated HbA1c, and see when GA is more reliable than HbA1c — and when it is not.
- HbA1c NGSP to IFCC ConverterConvert HbA1c between the NGSP/DCCT percentage and the IFCC mmol/mol unit, with the thresholds that matter shown in both.
- HbA1c Reliability Interpreter: Falsely High or Low HbA1c?Check whether an HbA1c can be trusted before acting on it. Enter the result and what you know about the patient — haemoglobin variants and whether your method is affected, haemolysis, blood loss or transfusion, splenectomy, iron deficiency and its treatment, kidney disease and ESA use, pregnancy, and recent onset — and the page says whether the HbA1c is likely to be falsely high, falsely low or unreliable in either direction, and what to use instead.
- HbA1c to Estimated Average Glucose ConverterConvert HbA1c to an estimated average glucose using the ADAG regression, and see how wide the scatter really is around that estimate.
- HOMA-B CalculatorEstimate beta-cell function from fasting glucose and insulin, with the derivation of the 360 and 63 constants and why the equation fails near a glucose of 63 mg/dL.
- HOMA-IR CalculatorCalculate HOMA-IR from fasting glucose and insulin, with the derivation of the 405 divisor and an honest account of what the cut-offs can and cannot tell you.
- Insulin Sensitivity Factor (ISF) CalculatorThe 1800 rule, the 1500 rule, and the two constants the published pump data actually support. None of these is a trial result: the 1500 rule was devised by one physician for regular insulin and the 1800 rule is a modification of it by textbook authors, while the only two retrospective studies that did the arithmetic properly arrived at 1700 and 1960. A starting point for a clinician to titrate, and nothing more.
- Insulin to Carbohydrate Ratio CalculatorThe 500 rule, the 450 rule for regular insulin, and the two weight-based ratios that were actually fitted to pump data. All four are starting points for a clinician to titrate. And if your ratio seems not to be working, the likeliest explanation is not the ratio: adults counting their own carbohydrate miss by about 21% of the meal, and 63% of meals are underestimated.
- Insulin Unit ConverterConvert insulin from µIU/mL to pmol/L using the correct factor of 6.00 — not the 6.945 that most online calculators still use, which is wrong by about 15%.
- Insulinogenic Index CalculatorMeasure early-phase insulin secretion during an OGTT — one of the earliest detectable defects on the path to type 2 diabetes.
- Matsuda Index CalculatorEstimate whole-body insulin sensitivity from a standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, combining fasting and mean post-load glucose and insulin.
- METS-IR CalculatorA clamp-validated, insulin-free index of insulin resistance built from glucose, triglycerides, BMI and HDL cholesterol.
- OGTT Result InterpreterClassify a standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in a non-pregnant adult. WHO and the ADA agree on the diabetes and impaired-glucose-tolerance cut-offs and genuinely disagree on impaired fasting glucose — 6.1 against 5.6 mmol/L — so the page asks which criteria you want rather than choosing one silently, because that single difference reclassifies two to five times as many people.
- Peritoneal Dialysate Glucose Unit ConverterConvert a peritoneal dialysis fluid's glucose between per cent, g/L, mg/dL and mmol/L — and get the 9% that most conversions lose, because the percentage on the bag is dextrose monohydrate and the mmol/L is anhydrous glucose.
- Proinsulin Unit ConverterConvert proinsulin between pmol/L, pg/mL, ng/mL and nmol/L. Unlike insulin, proinsulin has no international unit, so the conversion is an exact molar one — and that is the only easy thing about this test.
- QUICKI CalculatorThe quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, from fasting insulin in µIU/mL and fasting glucose in mg/dL — neither of which is the unit this site's own converters display.
- Time in Range (TIR) CalculatorTurn a CGM time-in-range percentage into hours and minutes a day and check it against the 2019 international consensus target for the right population — because the pregnancy target is 70% of a completely different glucose range, and reading one against the other is the error this page exists to prevent.
- Total Daily Insulin Dose CalculatorA weight-based STARTING total daily dose for a prescriber initiating insulin, from the figures the ADA publishes rather than the narrower range that circulates — and the basal-bolus split that then feeds the sensitivity factor and the carbohydrate ratio. Type 2 diabetes is a different pathway on this page, not a smaller version of the same one.
- Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index CalculatorEstimate insulin resistance from two routine fasting values — triglycerides and glucose — with no insulin assay required.
- TyG-BMI Index CalculatorCombine the TyG index with body mass index for a closer surrogate of clamp-measured insulin resistance than TyG alone.
- Whole Blood to Plasma Glucose ConverterConvert whole blood glucose to plasma-equivalent mg/dL, and check whether your meter has already applied this conversion.