Urine Chemistry & Urinalysis

Every urine chemistry & urinalysis calculator on CalcEngines — unit converters, derived indices and interpretive tools, each with its formula, a worked example and the reference intervals it is judged against.

40 calculators in this section

• 24-Hour Urine Collection Adequacy CalculatorCheck a 24-hour urine collection against expected creatinine excretion for sex and body weight, before a result from an incomplete collection is acted on.
• Alpha-1-Microglobulin Unit ConverterConvert alpha-1-microglobulin between mg/L, µg/mL, µg/L and mg/dL. A1M is a proximal tubular marker, not a glomerular one, and this page is explicit about the one arm it does not offer: the mg/g creatinine ratio, which needs a urine creatinine no converter has.
• Estimated 24-Hour Urine Protein CalculatorConvert a spot urine protein-creatinine ratio into an estimated daily protein excretion, and know when the estimate breaks down.
• Fractional Excretion of Bicarbonate CalculatorSeparate proximal from distal renal tubular acidosis by measuring how much filtered bicarbonate is lost — valid only during bicarbonate loading, once plasma bicarbonate has been normalised.
• Hypokalaemia (Low Potassium) Cause InterpreterFind the cause of a low potassium. Enter the urine potassium — a spot potassium-to-creatinine ratio, or a 24-hour urine potassium — to decide whether the kidney is losing potassium or conserving it, then let the bicarbonate, the blood pressure and the urine chloride split the causes: diuretics, vomiting, mineralocorticoid excess, renal tubular acidosis, Bartter and Gitelman syndromes, magnesium depletion, diarrhoea, or a shift into cells.
• Kidney Stone 24-Hour Urine Risk InterpreterRead a 24-hour urine stone-risk panel against the European Association of Urology's current limits: urine volume, calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid and pH, with sex-specific limits for citrate and uric acid. The page counts and lists every risk factor, says what each implies, and first checks the creatinine, because an incomplete collection fakes low results.
• Metabolic Alkalosis Urine Chloride InterpreterSort a metabolic alkalosis into chloride-responsive — vomiting, gastric drainage, diuretics that have worn off — and chloride-resistant — mineralocorticoid excess, a diuretic still acting, Bartter and Gitelman syndromes, severe potassium or magnesium depletion — using a spot urine chloride and the blood pressure. The page explains why urine chloride, not urine sodium, is the test.
• Microscopic Haematuria Risk Interpreter (AUA/SUFU)Decide how far to investigate blood in the urine seen on microscopy. Enter age, sex, the red cell count per high-power field, smoking pack-years, any history of visible haematuria and other urothelial cancer risk factors, and the page assigns the AUA/SUFU low/negligible, intermediate or high risk stratum — on the current 2025 amendment or the 2020 original — with the recommended evaluation, and shows where UK referral practice differs.
• Prerenal vs Intrinsic AKI InterpreterIs an acute kidney injury prerenal or acute tubular necrosis? Enter the FENa — or the FEUrea if a diuretic has been given — with the urine sodium, urine osmolality and the urine sediment. The page reads them together and says plainly when the classic cut-offs do not apply: chronic kidney disease, sepsis, contrast, obstruction, glomerulonephritis, and any patient who is not oliguric.
• Transtubular Potassium Gradient (TTKG) CalculatorEstimate distal nephron potassium handling from paired urine and serum values — and understand why nephrologists increasingly avoid it.
• Urine Albumin Unit ConverterConvert urine albumin between mg/L, mg/dL and µg/mL — the first step before an albumin-to-creatinine ratio, which is the number that actually carries meaning.
• Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (UACR) CalculatorGrade albuminuria from a spot urine sample using the KDIGO A1–A3 categories, without needing a 24-hour collection.
• Urine Anion Gap CalculatorUse urine electrolytes as a proxy for ammonium excretion, distinguishing gastrointestinal bicarbonate loss from renal tubular acidosis.
• Urine Beta-2 Microglobulin Unit ConverterUrine beta-2 microglobulin is a proximal tubular marker, not the myeloma stage marker the serum test is. Convert µg/L, ng/mL, mg/L and nmol/L.
• Urine Calcium Unit ConverterUrine calcium is a stone and bone test, and the number that counts is the 24-hour excretion. Convert mg/dL, mg/L, mmol/L and mEq/L, with the mg/24 h multiplier.
• Urine Calcium-Creatinine Ratio CalculatorCalculate the spot urine calcium-creatinine ratio in mmol/mmol with the mg/mg equivalent stated at every threshold, against age-specific limits — the paediatric upper limit at six months is nearly four times the adult one.
• Urine Chloride Unit ConverterIn a metabolic alkalosis the urine chloride, not the urine sodium, shows whether chloride depletion is the cause. Convert mmol/L, mEq/L, mg/dL and mg/L.
• Urine Citrate Unit ConverterCitrate is the inhibitor, and hypocitraturia is the finding — present in about a third of stone formers. Convert mg/24 h, µg/24 h, µmol/24 h and nmol/24 h.
• Urine Copper Unit ConverterA 24-hour urinary copper is the Wilson disease test, and it is an amount per collection rather than a concentration. Convert µg/24 h and nmol/24 h.
• Urine Creatinine Unit ConverterConvert urine creatinine between mg/dL, mmol/L, g/L and µmol/L — the denominator that makes a spot albumin or protein ratio usable without a timed collection.
• Urine Glucose Unit ConverterConvert urine glucose between mg/dL, mg/L, g/L and mmol/L — and read it against the renal threshold, which an SGLT2 inhibitor moves and a pregnancy lowers.
• Urine Homovanillic Acid (HVA) Unit ConverterHVA is the dopamine metabolite and half of the neuroblastoma pair. Convert mg/24 h, µg/24 h, µmol/24 h and nmol/24 h — and note that Mayo and ARUP disagree twofold.
• Urine Magnesium Unit ConverterIn hypomagnesaemia a urine magnesium shows whether the kidney is the leak, but only alongside the serum value. Convert mg/dL, mg/L, mmol/L and mEq/L.
• Urine Osmolal Gap CalculatorEstimate urinary ammonium excretion from the difference between measured and calculated urine osmolality — the more robust alternative to the urine anion gap.
• Urine Oxalate Unit ConverterUrinary oxalate is the single most informative number in a stone work-up, and it is a 24-hour excretion. Convert mg/24 h, µg/24 h, µmol/24 h and nmol/24 h.
• Urine Phosphate Unit ConverterUrinary phosphate excretion equals phosphate absorbed, so a reference interval is mostly a statement about diet. Convert mg/dL, mg/L and mmol/L, concentration or daily.
• Urine Potassium Unit ConverterUrine potassium asks whether the kidney is the route of a potassium loss, not whether the body has enough. Convert mmol/L, mEq/L, mg/dL and mg/L, spot or timed.
• Urine Potassium-Creatinine Ratio CalculatorWork out the spot urine potassium-creatinine ratio in mmol/mmol and mmol/g, and read it against the 13 mmol/g threshold that separates renal potassium wasting from gut losses and transcellular shift.
• Urine Protein Selectivity Index CalculatorCalculate the IgG-to-transferrin clearance ratio that classifies proteinuria as selective or non-selective — a 1960s test, largely displaced by biopsy and genetic testing, with a recent and narrow revival.
• Urine Protein Unit ConverterConvert a 24-hour urine total protein between mg/24 h, mg/d and g/24 h — and see why there is no mg/dL and no µmol/L to convert it into.
• Urine Protein-Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) CalculatorEstimate daily protein excretion from a spot urine sample, useful when non-albumin proteinuria is suspected.
• Urine Sodium to Potassium Ratio CalculatorCalculate the urine sodium to potassium ratio, used as a rough marker of mineralocorticoid effect and, on a timed collection, as a dietary surrogate — with descriptive bands rather than guideline thresholds.
• Urine Sodium Unit ConverterA urine sodium answers a different question from a serum sodium: not how much sodium is in the body, but what the kidney is doing about it. Convert mmol/L, mEq/L and mg/dL.
• Urine Sodium-Creatinine Ratio CalculatorTurn a spot urine sodium into a dilution-independent index of sodium output, with the daily sodium and salt figures it implies — and an honest account of how wide the error bars are on a single sample.
• Urine Specific Gravity to Osmolality ConverterEstimate urine osmolality from specific gravity using the last-two-digits rule, and know when the two measurements disagree.
• Urine Total Metanephrines Unit ConverterConvert 24-hour urinary total metanephrines between µg/24 h, nmol/24 h and µmol/24 h, and see why the SI figure for a two-molecule mixture is a convention.
• Urine Uric Acid Unit ConverterA 24-hour urine urate is a stone and tumour-lysis test. Convert mg/dL, mg/L, mmol/L and µmol/L, with the mg/24 h multiplier the EAU limits are written in.
• Urine Uric Acid-Creatinine Ratio CalculatorCalculate the random urine uric acid-creatinine ratio in mg/mg with the mmol/mmol equivalent at every threshold, against the 1.0 cutoff used to recognise acute urate nephropathy in tumour lysis syndrome.
• Urine Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) Unit ConverterVMA is the terminal catecholamine metabolite, now a neuroblastoma test rather than a phaeochromocytoma one. Convert mg/24 h, µg/24 h, µmol/24 h and nmol/24 h.
• Urine-to-Plasma Electrolyte Ratio CalculatorAdd urine sodium and potassium, divide by plasma sodium, and get the Furst ratio — the one bedside number that says whether fluid restriction can raise a hyponatraemic patient's sodium at all.

Other sections

Browse and search all calculators →